Co-60

Cobalt-60 (Co-60) is a radioactive isotope of cobalt with a half-life of approximately 5.27 years. It decays by beta emission to nickel-60, accompanied by the emission of high-energy gamma rays. These gamma rays, with characteristic energies of 1.17 MeV and 1.33 MeV, make Co-60 a valuable source of gamma radiation for a wide range of applications. Co-60 is produced artificially in nuclear reactors by neutron activation of stable cobalt-59.

Co-60 is widely used in various industries and medical applications. In medicine, it is a key isotope for radiotherapy, particularly for treating cancer, where its gamma rays are used to target and destroy malignant cells. It is also employed in sterilization of medical equipment and pharmaceuticals, ensuring the elimination of bacteria and other pathogens. In industry, Co-60 is used for non-destructive testing (NDT) to inspect materials and structures, such as pipelines and aircraft components, for internal defects. Additionally, it is used in food irradiation to extend shelf life and eliminate harmful microorganisms.

Co-60 does not occur naturally and is produced artificially in nuclear reactors by exposing cobalt-59 to neutron radiation. It is encountered in controlled environments, such as hospitals, industrial facilities, and research laboratories, where it is used in radiation-based applications. Co-60 may also be present in nuclear waste and requires careful handling and disposal due to its strong gamma emissions and radiological hazards. Its use is strictly regulated to ensure safety and minimize environmental impact.